Benzophenone-4
Recognized by global regulatory bodies (EU SCCS, U.S. FDA, Japan MHLW), it has an approved concentration limit up to 5% (acid form) for leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics. It typically appears as white/off-white crystalline powder or clear aqueous solution, integrating smoothly into various products without affecting clarity or color.
Key Benefits & Functions
Benzophenone-4 delivers multiple core values for cosmetic formulas. It provides broad-spectrum UV protection, targeting UVB (280–320 nm) that causes sunburn and short-wave UVA (320–340 nm) linked to early photoaging (fine lines, dullness). Its water solubility fits lightweight, water-based products (oil-free sunscreens, hydrating serums), meeting consumer demand for non-greasy, fast-absorbing textures.
Key Technical Parameters
|
Appearance |
White or light yellow crystalline powder |
|
Specific Extinction (1%, 1cm) - E285 |
460-490 |
|
Specific Extinction (1%, 1cm) - E325 |
285-315 |
|
Assay (HPLC) |
≥ 99.0% |
|
pH |
1.2-2.2 |
|
Melting Point |
≥ 140 ℃ |
|
Loss on Drying |
≤ 3.0% |
|
Turbidity in Water |
≤ 4.0EBC |
|
Heavy Metals |
≤ 5ppm |
|
Gardner Color |
≤ 2.0 |
It also acts as a photostabilizer, absorbing UV to prevent degradation of sensitive ingredients (fragrances, pigments, actives like vitamin C), extending product shelf life and maintaining performance. Additionally, it has low skin irritation potential in regulated concentrations, suitable for most skin types
Mechanism of Action
Benzophenone-4’s UV protection and photostabilization rely on its molecular structure. It has a benzophenone backbone with hydroxyl (-OH), methoxy (-OCH₃), and sulfonic acid groups. When exposed to UV, the hydroxyl group absorbs UV energy and undergoes temporary tautomerization, converting UV energy into harmless heat that dissipates from the skin—preventing UV from penetrating and damaging DNA or collagen. The methoxy group enhances absorption of short-wave UVA, expanding protective range beyond UVB.
As a photostabilizer, it acts as a “UV scavenger,” absorbing UV before it reaches other ingredients. For example, in tinted moisturizers, it protects iron oxide pigments from fading and fragrances from developing off-notes due to UV exposure.
Applications
● Water-based sunscreens (sprays, gels, oil-free lotions)
● Daily skincare (moisturizers, serums with SPF)
● Color-protecting hair care (shampoos, leave-in treatments)
● SPF-infused color cosmetics (tinted moisturizers, lip balms)
● UV-resistant nail care (polishes, topcoats)
Advantages
● Water-soluble (fits water-based formulas)
● Broad-spectrum UV protection (UVB + short-wave UVA)
● Photostabilizes other ingredients
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